A citation recommendation system that allows users to find relevant citations for their paper drafts. The tool is backed by Semantic Scholar's OpenCorpus dataset (released on 2017-02-21).

This repository contains code to train and evaluate citation recommendation models. We also include our trained models and steps to replicate our results in the NAACL paper.

Paper

Content-based Citation Recommendation (NAACL 2018)

• Main Results

Data

You can download the associated OpenCorpus dataset here.

For models and data associated with experiments from the paper, please refer below.

Clone the repo

git clone git@github.com:allenai/citeomatic.git

Installation

1. Download and install Conda

2. [Optional] Install direnv

   Citeomatic uses direnv to activate the ai2-citeomatic conda environment whenever you cd into the repo's root directory. Alternatively, you can skip this step and activate the conda environment manually yourself.

   • Install direnv:
     • Ubuntu:

        sudo apt-get install direnv
       

     • OSX:

        brew install direnv
       

     Then: cd citeomatic/ ; direnv allow .

3. Install GPU Drivers

   Citeomatic uses the tensorflow framework to run its neural network models. It was tested on NVIDIA GPUs (GeForce GTX 1080 and Tesla V100-SXM2). To use GPUs, install CUDA and cudnn compatible with your OS and GPU. The version of tensorflow used in this repo is 1.12, and requires CUDA 9.0.

   NOTE: Citeomatic can run without a GPU.

4. Run:

   ./env.sh

   The script will setup a new conda environment named ai2-citeomatic. It will also install the required dependencies. Depending on whether a GPU is found, the script will install tensorflow-gpu or tensorflow.

5. Activate Conda Environment

   source activate ai2-citeomatic.

Common Installation Issues

1. If you see this error when running any of our scripts:

ImportError: libcusolver.so.9.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

please set the environment variable: export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64/

2. If you have multiple GPUs, please set the environment variable export CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=<gpu number>. Citeomatic does not use more than 1 GPU but tensorflow will spawn a process on all available GPUs.

Download data

./get-data.sh citeomatic_data 

The script downloads all the required data (~75G) and trained models to citeomatic_data. Alternatively, if you provide a different destination, the script will create a symlink from data to the provided <destination>.

ATTENTION AI2 Internal Users: If you have access to the AI2 Corp network, please contact one of the contributors for tips on how to avoid downloading data.

Citeomatic Evaluation

This section details how to run the end-to-end system using pre-trained models and evaluate performance of Citeomatic for each dataset. If you successfully executed the previous steps, trained models should already be available.

• Open Corpus

  ATTENTION: Experimenting with the open corpus dataset needs a system with at least 100G of RAM.

python citeomatic/scripts/evaluate.py --dataset_type oc --candidate_selector_type ann --split test --paper_embedder_dir data/open_corpus/models/paper_embedder/ --num_candidates 5 --ranker_type neural --citation_ranker_dir data/open_corpus/models/citation_ranker/ --n_eval 20000

• Pubmed

python citeomatic/scripts/evaluate.py --dataset_type pubmed --candidate_selector_type ann --split test --paper_embedder_dir data/comparison/pubmed/models/paper_embedder/ --num_candidates 10 --ranker_type neural --citation_ranker_dir data/comparison/pubmed/models/citation_ranker/

• DBLP

python citeomatic/scripts/evaluate.py --dataset_type dblp --candidate_selector_type ann --split test --paper_embedder_dir data/comparison/dblp/models/paper_embedder/ --num_candidates 10 --ranker_type neural --citation_ranker_dir data/comparison/dblp/models/citation_ranker/

BM25 Baseline

• Open Corpus

python citeomatic/scripts/evaluate.py --dataset_type oc   --candidate_selector_type bm25 --split test --ranker_type none --num_candidates 5

• Pubmed

python citeomatic/scripts/evaluate.py --dataset_type pubmed   --candidate_selector_type bm25 --split test --ranker_type none --num_candidates 100

• DBLP

python citeomatic/scripts/evaluate.py --dataset_type dblp   --candidate_selector_type bm25 --split test --ranker_type none --num_candidates 50

Train.py

The main script to train and tune hyperparameters for various models is train.py. Usage:

python train.py [options]

• General Parameters:

  • --mode (Required): The mode to run the train.py script in. Possible values: train or hyperopt. The train mode will train a single model and save to a given location. The hyperopt mode will run hyperparamter-optimization and return the best found model.
  • --dataset_type: Dataset to use. Possible values: dblp (default), pubmed or oc
  • --model_name: Possible values: paper_embedder (default) or citation_ranker

• Parameters specific to Hyperparameter Optimization

  • --max_evals_initial: No. of models to train in the first phase. Our hyperparameter optimization method runs in two steps. In the first step, a large number of models are run for a few epochs and the best performing max_evals_secondary models are run for more number of epochs in the second phase.
  • --max_evals_secondary: No. of models to train in the second phase. Best max_evals_secondary models from Phase 1 are trained for a longer time
  • --total_samples_initial: No. of samples to train first phase models on
  • --total_samples_secondary: No. of samples to train second phase models on
  • --models_dir_base: Base directory to store hyperopt results in
  • --n_eval: No. of validation examples to evaluate a trained model
  • --run_identifier: A string to identify the experiment
  • --version: Version string to be appended to the directory used to store model in

• Parameters specific to Training a single model

  • hyperopts_results_pkl: Path to the .pkl file generated by the hyperopt mode
  • options_json: Optional json file containing all options required to train a model

  Refer to the ModelOptions class for more options.

Training

We use the hyperopt package to tune hyperparameters. Here we describe how to run hyperopt for both the paper embedder model and the citation ranker and train the citeomatic system.

• Hyperopt for Paper Embedder Model for DBLP

  python citeomatic/scripts/train.py --mode hyperopt --dataset_type dblp --n_eval 500 --model_name paper_embedder --models_dir_base data/hyperopts/dblp/ --version 1 &> data/hyperopts/dblp/dblp.paper_embedder.hyperopt.log

  Execution Time: ~19 hours (For 25 "initial" and 5 "secondary" trial models)

• Paper Embedder Model for DBLP

  Create an empty directory:

  mkdir data/comparison/dblp/models/trained/

  python citeomatic/scripts/train.py --mode train --dataset_type dblp --n_eval 500 --model_name paper_embedder --hyperopts_results_pkl data/hyperopts/dblp/citeomatic_hyperopt_paper_embedder_dblp_2018-XX-XX_1/hyperopt_results.pickle --models_dir_base data/comparison/dblp/models/trained/ &> data/comparison/dblp/models/dblp.paper_embedder.trained.log

  This should produce a trained paper_embedder model in the --models_dir_base data/comparison/dblp/models/trained/paper_embedder/ directory.

  Execution time: ~5 hours

  • Evaluating the Paper Embedder for DBLP

    python citeomatic/script/evaluate.py --dataset_type dblp --candidate_selector_type ann --split test --paper_embedder_dir data/comparison/dblp/models/trained/paper_embedder/ --num_candidates 10 --ranker_type none

• Hyperopt for Citation Ranker Model

  python citeomatic/scripts/train.py --mode hyperopt --dataset_type dblp --models_ann_dir data/comparison/dblp/models/trained/paper_embedder/ --n_eval 500 --model_name citation_ranker --models_dir_base data/hyperopts/dblp/ --version 1 &> data/hyperopts/dblp/dblp.citation_ranker.hyperopt.log

• Citation Ranker Model for DBLP

  python citeomatic/scripts/train.py --mode train --dataset_type dblp --hyperopts_results_pkl data/hyperopts/dblp/citeomatic_hyperopt_citation_ranker_dblp_2018-XX-XX_1/hyperopt_results.pickle --n_eval 500 --model_name citation_ranker --models_ann_dir data/comparison/dblp/models/trained/paper_embedder/ --models_dir data/comparison/dblp/models/trained/citation_ranker/ --version 1 &> data/comparison/dblp/models/trained/dblp.citation_ranker.trained.log

Change the --dataset_type parameter to train for the other datasets. Hyperopt on the OC dataset takes a long time. We suggest setting the parameters manually or by using values described in our paper and training the two models as in steps 2 and 4 above.

Miscellaneous

1. Create a new BM25 Index

The get-data.sh script also downloaded a pre-built BM25 indexe for each dataset (pubmed, dblp and oc). But, a new index can be built as:

python citeomatic/scripts/create_bm25_index.py --dataset_name <dataset name> 

Modify CreateBM25Index to change the way the BM25 index is built. We use the whoosh package to build the BM25 index. To change the way the index is queried, change the fetch_candidates implementation in BM25CandidateSelector

This script will create an index at this location: data/bm25_index/<dataset name>/

2. Re-Create SQLite DB for dataset

This following scripts will create an index at this location: data/db/<dataset name>.sqlite.db

• For the DBLP and Pubmed datasets:

  python citeomatic/scripts/convert_kdd_to_citeomatic.py --dataset_name <dataset name>
  

• For the open corpus dataset:

  python citeomatic/scripts/convert_open_corpus_to_citeomatic.py
  

The SQLite DB is used to speed-up retrieving documents for a particular document id.

Issues

Please file issues here.

Contact

1. chandrab@allenai.org: For enquiries about running experiments and replicating results from the paper.
2. feedback@semanticscholar.org: For other questions and feedback about Citeomatic.

Team

Citeomatic is an open-source project backed by the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence (AI2). AI2 is a non-profit institute with the mission to contribute to humanity through high-impact AI research and engineering. To learn more about who specifically contributed to this codebase, see our contributors page.