Research - Papers
Explore a selection of our published work on a variety of key research challenges in AI.
AppWorld-UL: Benchmarking Diverse Agent-User Interactions for Tool-Use
Tool-use agents that address day-to-day digital tasks such as ordering groceries must not only operate applications, but also interact with the user, e.g., to ask clarification questions, prompt for…
Demystifying Scientific Problem-Solving in LLMs by Probing Knowledge and Reasoning
Scientific problem solving poses unique challenges for LLMs, requiring both deep domain knowledge and the ability to apply such knowledge through complex reasoning. While automated scientific…
DR Tulu: Reinforcement Learning with Evolving Rubrics for Deep Research
Deep research agents perform multi-step research to produce long-form, well-attributed answers. However, most open deep research agents are trained on easily verifiable short-form QA tasks via…
Revisiting Padded Transformer Expressivity: Which Architectural Choices Matter and Which Don't
Recent work describes what transformers can and cannot compute through connections to boolean circuits, but existing results lack exact characterizations and are sensitive to modeling choices.…
Why Are Linear RNNs More Parallelizable?
The community is increasingly exploring linear RNNs (LRNNs) as language models, motivated by their expressive power and parallelizability. While prior work establishes the expressivity benefits of…
Language Models as Higher-Order Planning Formalizers
Recent work provides overwhelming evidence that LLMs, even those trained to scale their reasoning trace, quickly deteriorate at planning as problems become more complex. LLM-as-Formalizers aim to…
Generating Literature-Driven Scientific Theories at Scale
Contemporary automated scientific discovery has focused on agents for generating scientific experiments, while systems that perform higher-level scientific activities such as theory building remain…
Language Models Don't Know What You Want: Evaluating Personalization in Deep Research Needs Real Users
Deep Research (DR) systems help researchers cope with ballooning publishing counts. Such tools synthesize scientific papers to answer research queries, but lack understanding of their users. We…
Evidence-Informed LLM Beliefs for Continual Scientific Discovery
Open-ended scientific discovery with large language models (LLMs) increasingly operates as a long-horizon loop of hypothesis search and verification, where a reward signal guides which hypotheses to…
Efficiently Representing Algorithms With Chain-of-Thought Transformers
The increasing popularity of \emph{reasoning} models -- language models that output a series of reasoning or thought tokens before producing an answer -- is justified, in part, by theoretical…