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Research - Papers

Explore a selection of our published work on a variety of key research challenges in AI.

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Signal and Noise: A Framework for Reducing Uncertainty in Language Model Evaluation

David HeinemanValentin HofmannIan MagnussonJesse Dodge
2025
arXiv.org

Developing large language models is expensive and involves making decisions with small experiments, typically by evaluating on large, multi-task evaluation suites. In this work, we analyze specific… 

DataDecide: How to Predict Best Pretraining Data with Small Experiments

Ian MagnussonNguyen TaiBen BoginJesse Dodge
2025
ICML

Because large language models are expensive to pretrain on different datasets, using smaller-scale experiments to decide on data is crucial for reducing costs. Which benchmarks and methods of making… 

DataDecide: How to Predict Best Pretraining Data with Small Experiments

Ian MagnussonNguyen TaiBen BoginJesse Dodge
2025
arXiv.org

Because large language models are expensive to pretrain on different datasets, using smaller-scale experiments to decide on data is crucial for reducing costs. Which benchmarks and methods of making… 

Diverging Preferences: When do Annotators Disagree and do Models Know?

Michael J.Q. ZhangZhilin WangJena D. HwangValentina Pyatkin
2025
ICML

We examine diverging preferences in human-labeled preference datasets. We develop a taxonomy of disagreement sources spanning 10 categories across four high-level classes -- task underspecification,… 

MIB: A Mechanistic Interpretability Benchmark

Aaron MuellerAtticus GeigerSarah WiegreffeYonatan Belinkov
2025
ICML

How can we know whether new mechanistic interpretability methods achieve real improvements? In pursuit of meaningful and lasting evaluation standards, we propose MIB, a benchmark with two tracks… 

SafetyAnalyst: Interpretable, transparent, and steerable safety moderation for AI behavior

Jing-Jing LiValentina PyatkinMax Kleiman-WeinerSydney Levine
2025
ICML

The ideal AI safety moderation system would be both structurally interpretable (so its decisions can be reliably explained) and steerable (to align to safety standards and reflect a community's… 

Understanding the Logic of Direct Preference Alignment through Logic

Kyle RichardsonVivek SrikumarAshish Sabharwal
2025
ICML

Recent direct preference alignment algorithms (DPA), such as DPO, have shown great promise in aligning large language models to human preferences. While this has motivated the development of many… 

OLMoTrace: Tracing Language Model Outputs Back to Trillions of Training Tokens

Jiacheng LiuTaylor BlantonYanai ElazarJesse Dodge
2025
Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 3: System Demonstrations)

We present OLMoTrace, the first system that traces the outputs of language models back to their full, multi-trillion-token training data in real time. OLMoTrace finds and shows verbatim matches… 

Critical Batch Size Revisited: A Simple Empirical Approach to Large-Batch Language Model Training

William MerrillShane AroraDirk GroeneveldHanna Hajishirzi
2025
arXiv.org

The right batch size is important when training language models at scale: a large batch size is necessary for fast training, but a batch size that is too large will harm token efficiency. To… 

Holodeck: Language Guided Generation of 3D Embodied AI Environments

Yue YangFan-Yun SunLuca WeihsChristopher Clark
2025
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

3D simulated environments play a critical role in Embodied AI, but their creation requires expertise and extensive manual effort, restricting their diversity and scope. To miti-gate this limitation,…