John III  nicknamed "o Colonizador"  was the King of Portugal and the Algarves from 13 December 1521 to 11 June 1557. He was the son of King Manuel I and Maria of Aragon, the third daughter of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile. John succeeded his father in 1521, at the age of nineteen. During his rule, Portuguese possessions were extended in Asia and in the New World through the Portuguese colonization of Brazil. John III's policy of reinforcing Portugal's bases in India  secured Portugal's monopoly over the spice trade of cloves and nutmeg from the Maluku Islands, as a result of which John III has been called the "Grocer King". On the eve of his death in 1557, the Portuguese empire had a global dimension and spanned almost 1 billion acres . During his reign, the Portuguese became the first Europeans to make contact with both China, under the Ming Dynasty, and Japan, during the Muromachi period. He abandoned Muslim territories in North Africa in favor of trade with India and investment in Brazil. In Europe, he improved relations with the Baltic region and the Rhineland, hoping that this would bolster Portuguese trade.

How many spices did John III reinforce in Portugal bases?
A: 2

Hoping to rebound from their divisional home loss to the Cowboys, the Redskins flew to Qwest Field for a Week 12 duel with the Seattle Seahawks. In the first quarter, the Redskins trailed early as the Seahawks Olindo Mare kicked a 45-yard field goal. In the second quarter, Washington took the lead as RB Ladell Betts scored on a 1-yard TD run. Seattle would respond when QB Matt Hasselbeck connected with RB Maurice Morris on a 4-yard TD pass. In the third quarter, the Redskins took the lead on successive scores by Shaun Suisham (26-yard field goal) and a Jason Campbell 8-yard TD pass to WR Antwaan Randle El.  In the fourth quarter, the Seahawks tied the game when Hasselbeck completed a 10-yard TD pass to TE John Carlson. Afterwards, Washington regained the lead as Suisham nailed a 22-yard field goal.  Late in the game, a Ledell Betts fumble opened the door for a Seattle comeback. However, Matt Hasselbeck threw an interception to CB Shawn Springs on the first play of the series with less than 2 minutes remaining in the game. The Redskins ran out the clock, and sealed the win in Seattle. The game marked the return of Redskins head coach Jim Zorn and running back Shaun Alexander to their former team. Clinton Portis, who was questionable to play, led the running game with 143 yards. Washington ended a 2-game losing streak with the win.

How many touchdowns did the Redskins score before halftime?
A: 1

The Italian War of 1542-46 was a conflict late in the Italian Wars, pitting Francis I of France and Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire against the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and Henry VIII of England. The course of the war saw extensive fighting in Italy, France, and the Low Countries, as well as attempted invasions of Spain and England. The conflict was inconclusive and ruinously expensive for the major participants. The war arose from the failure of the Truce of Nice, which ended the Italian War of 1536-38, to resolve the long-standing conflict between Charles and Francis—particularly their conflicting claims to the Duchy of Milan. Having found a suitable pretext, Francis once again declared war against his perpetual enemy in 1542. Fighting began at once throughout the Low Countries; the following year saw the Franco-Ottoman alliance's attack on Nice, as well as a series of maneuvers in northern Italy which culminated in the bloody Battle of Ceresole. Charles and Henry then proceeded to invade France, but the long sieges of Boulogne-sur-Mer and Saint-Dizier prevented a decisive offensive against the French. Charles came to terms with Francis by the Treaty of Crépy in late 1544, but the death of Francis's younger son, the Duke of Orléans—whose proposed marriage to a relative of the Emperor was the foundation of the treaty—made it moot less than a year afterwards. Henry, left alone but unwilling to return Boulogne to the French, continued to fight until 1546, when the Treaty of Ardres finally restored peace between France and England. The deaths of Francis and Henry in early 1547 left the resolution of the Italian Wars to their successors.

Who was Francis' perpetual enemy?
A:
Roman Emperor Charles V