Q: Sizable Lutheran missions arose for the first time during the 19th century. Early missionary attempts during the century after the Reformation did not succeed. However, European traders brought Lutheranism to Africa beginning in the 17th century as they settled along the coasts. During the first half of the 19th century, missionary activity in Africa expanded, including preaching by missionaries, translation of the Bible, and education. Lutheranism came to India beginning with the work of Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg, where a community totaling several thousand developed, complete with their own translation of the Bible, catechism, their own hymnal, and system of Lutheran schools. In the 1840s, this church experienced a revival through the work of the Leipzig Mission, including Karl Graul. After German missionaries were expelled in 1914, Lutherans in India became entirely autonomous, yet preserved their Lutheran character. In recent years India has relaxed its anti-religious conversion laws, allowing a resurgence in missionary work. In Latin America, missions began to serve European immigrants of Lutheran background, both those who spoke German and those who no longer did. These churches in turn began to evangelize those in their areas who were not of European background, including indigenous peoples. In 1892, the first Lutheran missionaries reached Japan. Although work began slowly and a major setback occurred during the hardships of WWII. Lutheranism there has survived and become self-sustaining. After missionaries to China, including those of the Lutheran Church of China, were expelled, they began ministry in Taiwan and Hong Kong, the latter which became a center of Lutheranism in Asia. The Lutheran Mission in New Guinea, though founded only in 1953, became the largest Lutheran mission in the world in only several decades. Through the work of native lay evangelists, many tribes of diverse languages were reached with the Gospel.
Which happened first, Lutheran missionaries going to Japan, or the expulsion of the German missionaries?
A: Lutheran missionaries reached Japan

Q: The Livonian Master, like the grandmaster of the Teutonic Order, was elected by his fellow knights for a life term. The grandmaster exercised supervisory powers and his advice was considered equal to a command. The grandmaster of Teutonic knights did not limit local autonomy, he rarely visited Livonia or sent ambassadors for oversight.   ●  Hermann Balk 1237-1238  ●  Dietrich von Grüningen 1238-1242  ●  Dietrich von Grüningen 1244-1246   ●  Andreas von Stierland 1248-1253  ●  Anno von Sangershausen 1253-1256  ●  Burchard von Hornhausen 1256-1260  ●  Werner von Breithausen 1261-1263  ●  Konrad von Mandern 1263-1266  ●  Otto von Lutterberg 1266-1270  ●  Walther von Nortecken 1270-1273  ●  Ernst von Rassburg  1273-1279   ●  Konrad von Feuchtwangen 1279-1281  ●  Wilken von Endorp 1281-1287  ●  Konrad von Herzogenstein 1288-1290  ●  Halt von Hohembach -1293  ●  Heinrich von Dinkelaghe 1295-1296  ●  Bruno 1296-1298  ●  Gottfried von Rogga 1298-1307  ●  Gerhard van Joeck 1309-1322  ●  Johannes Ungenade 1322-1324  ●  Reimar Hane 1324-1328  ●  Everhard von Monheim 1328-130  ●  Burchard von Dreileben 1340-1345  ●  Goswin von Hercke 1345-1359  ●  Arnold von Vietinghof 1359-1364  ●  Wilhelm von Vrymersheim 1364-1385  ●  Robin von Eltz 1385-1389  ●  Wennemar Hasenkamp von Brüggeneye 1389-1401  ●  Konrad von Vietinghof 1401-1413  ●  Diderick Tork 1413-1415  ●  Siegfried Lander von Spanheim 1415-1424  ●  Zisse von Rutenberg 1424-1433  ●  Franco Kerskorff 1433-1435  ●  Heinrich von Bockenvorde 1435-1437  ●  Heinrich Vinke von Overbergen 1438-1450  ●  Johann Osthoff von Mengede 1450-1469  ●  Johann Wolthuss von Herse 1470-1471  ●  Bernd von der Borch 1471-1483  ●  Johann Freytag von Loringhoven 1483-1494  ●  Wolter von Plettenberg 1494-1535  ●  Hermann Hasenkamp von Brüggeneye 1535-1549  ●  Johann von der Recke 1549-1551  ●  Heinrich von Galen 1551-1557  ●  Johann Wilhelm von Fürstenberg 1557-1559  ●  Godert  Kettler 1559-1561
Who served as a Livonian Master last: Anno von Sangershausen or Heinrich von Galen?
A: Heinrich von Galen

Q: With the rapid growth and consolidation of large railroad systems after 1870, union organizations sprang up, covering the entire nation. By 1901, 17 major railway brotherhoods were in operation; they generally worked amicably with management, which recognized their usefulness. Key unions included the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers , Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Division , the Order of Railway Conductors, the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, and the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen. Their main goal was building insurance and medical packages for their members, and negotiating bureaucratic work rules that favored their membership, such as seniority and grievance procedures. They were not members of the AFL, and fought off more radical rivals such as the Knights of Labor in the 1880s and the American Railroad Union in the 1890s. They consolidated their power in 1916, after threatening a national strike, by securing the Adamson Act, a federal law that provided 10 hours pay for an eight-hour day. At the end of World War I they promoted nationalization of the railroads, and conducted a national strike in 1919. Both programs failed, and the brotherhoods were largely stagnant in the 1920s. They generally were independent politically, but supported the third party campaign of Robert M. La Follette Sr. in 1924.
How many years after the unions consolidated their power did they strike?
A: 3

Q: Thompson wrote many letters, which were his primary means of personal communication. He made carbon copies of all his letters, usually typed, a habit begun in his teenage years. The Fear and Loathing Letters is a three-volume collection of selections from Thompson's correspondence, edited by the historian Douglas Brinkley. The first volume, The Proud Highway was published in 1997, and contains letters from 1955 to 1967. Fear and Loathing in America was published in 2000 and contains letters dating from 1968 to 1976. A third volume, titled The Mutineer: Rants, Ravings, and Missives from the Mountaintop 1977-2005 was edited by Douglas Brinkley and published by Simon & Schuster in 2005. As of January 2018, it has yet to be sold to the public. It contains a special introduction by Johnny Depp.
How did Thompson communicate
A:
letters