The Ottoman order of battle when the war broke out constituted a total of 12,024 officers; 324,718 other ranks; 47,960 animals; 2,318 artillery pieces, and 388 machine guns. From these a total 920 officers and 42,607 men had been assigned in non-divisional units and services, the remaining 293,206 officers and men were assigned into four Armies. Opposing them and in continuation of their secret prewar settlements of expansion, the three Slavic allies  had extensive plans to coordinate their war efforts: the Serbs and Montenegrins in the theater of Sandžak, the Bulgarians and Serbs in the Macedonian and Bulgaria alone in the Thracian theater. The bulk of the Bulgarian forces  was to attack Thrace, pitted against the Thracian Ottoman Army of 96,273 men and about 26,000 garrison troops or about 115,000 in total, according to Hall's, Erickson's and the Turkish Gen. Staff's 1993 studies. The remaining Ottoman army of about 200,000 was located in Macedonia, pitted against the Serbian  and Greek  armies. It was divided into the Vardar and Macedonian Ottoman armies, with independent static guards around the fortress cities of Ioannina  and Shkodër .

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