Q: Mantua is the ancestral city where the male line of the Gonzaga dynasty ruled, first as marquesses, then after 1540 as dukes, in vassalage to the Holy Roman Empire. Monferrato was a duchy since 1574 on the eastern side of Piedmont, and an Imperial fief since the eleventh or twelfth century. The Gonzagas had enlarged their realm with Monferrato after receiving it in dowry from the wife of duke Frederick II Gonzaga. On 22 September 1612, Francis IV, Duke of Mantua and Monferrato died at the age of 26. His death occurred only a couple of months after the death of his father Vincent I, Duke of Mantua. He left only a three-year-old daughter, Maria of Mantua. Francis IV also had two younger brothers who, both being cardinals, could not marry and were thus ineligible to succeed to Mantua's throne. Nonetheless, Francis' two brothers, Ferdinando I  and Vincenzo II , eventually did become Dukes of Mantua. Despite marrying, following the resignation of Ferdinando and the expulsion of Vincenzo from the Sacred College of Cardinals, neither produced any legitimate children. A crisis erupted when Vincenzo II died on 26 December 1627 at the age of 33, the same day that his niece Maria Gonzaga's marriage with Charles de Nevers was celebrated. Nevers was the eldest son and heir of Charles, Duke of Nevers, Rethel and Mayenne. Moreover, he was the head of the cadet branch of the House of Gonzaga, and after Vincenzo II, heir male of the Duchy of Mantua.
Whoe was Mariea of Mantua's father?

A: Francis IV


Q: After a road win, the Steelers returned home to take on the Ravens.  The Steelers scored first in the first quarter as Ben Roethlisberger hooked up with Heath Miller on a 3-yard touchdown pass making the score 7-0.  Justin Tucker then got the Ravens on the board after nailing a 36-yard field goal shortening the lead to 7-3.  In the 2nd quarter, the Steelers moved ahead by a touchdown as Shaun Suisham nailed a 34-yard field goal to make the score 10-3.  The Ravens moved within 4 as Tucker nailed a 38-yard field goal for a 10-6 game at halftime with the Steelers leading.  After the break, the Steelers went back to work in the 3rd quarter as Suisham kicked a 28-yard field goal for a 13-6 lead.  The Ravens drew within 4 points again in the fourth quarter as Tucker kicked a 32-yard field goal for a 13-9 score.  Again, the Steelers retaliated and moved ahead by 7 points as Suisham kicked a 38-yard field goal for a 16-9 lead.  However, Joe Flacco was able to find Dallas Clark on a 1-yard touchdown pass tying the game at 16-16.  The Steelers managed to drive down the field for the game-winning field goal as Suisham nailed it from 42 yards out for a final score of 19-16 sending the Steelers to a 2-4 start.
How many points did Ravens score in the fourth quarter?

A: 10


Q: There were 4,280 households of which 32.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.2% were married couples living together, 16.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.7% were non-families. 32.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 14% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.90.
How many in percent of households weren't made up of individuals?

A: 68


Q: However, few of the treaty provisions were ever fulfilled. The Tatar raids resumed in 1618 , as commanders of the Dobruja and Budjak Hordes left Iskender's camp during talks. At first, Żółkiewki could not divide forces and Tatars plundered unopposed, but he met the Iskender Pasha's force near Kamianets-Podilskyi . On September 28, 1618, he drove it back while enduring heavy losses. In 1617 and 1619 Żółkiewski forced Cossacks to sign a new agreements . Boats were to be burnt and raids were forbidden. In exchange, the Cossack register was expanded, and the annual subsidy to Cossacks from the Crown was increased. However, Cossack raids did not cease, especially as they were encouraged by Muscovy. In July 1618, after many warnings to the Commonwealth, the young and ambitious sultan Osman II send a letter to king Sigismund III with the threats of a new war and the burning of Kraków. Since the Ottomans were involved in large-scale war with Persia, this was no more than a warning at the time. However, Osman planned for a war against the Commonwealth, in order to compensate for the heavy losses sustained against Persia, where, in the Ottoman-Persian Wars of 1603-1611 and 1617-1618/1619, the Ottoman Empire lost the Caucasus.
How many total years did the Ottoman-Persian Wars last?

A:
9