The Covenanters soon armed themselves in open revolt. About 3000 of them marched towards Edinburgh but were defeated at the Battle of Rullion Green on 28 November 1666. On 1 June 1679 the Covenanter army defeated the royalist army that was led by John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee  at the Battle of Drumclog. However, the Covenanters were later finally defeated at the Battle of Bothwell Bridge on 22 June 1679. Over 1000 Covenanter prisoners were escorted in chains to Greyfriars Kirk which became a concentration camp. By the end of July, 400 had been released but the rest were shipped off to Barbados in November and many of them drowned when the ship they were on was wrecked off Orkney.

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