Input: The period of the grandiose expansion of Sweden met its limits in two wars: the Great Northern War which ended in the Treaty of Nystad in 1721 and the Hat's War  with the Treaty of Turku in 1743. Sweden lost all its provinces in the Baltic region, and a portion of eastern Finland to Russia. The Valaam Monastery was re-established in Lake Ladoga, and a new main church was consecrated in 1719.  Monks returned to Konevsky Monastery before 1716. The Russian government favoured the activities of the religion they had professed for many centuries. The Emperors and Empresses paid for the reconstruction of burnt or otherwise demolished churches. The Orthodox population of Eastern Finland again had access to making pilgrimages to the monasteries of Solovetsk and Alexander-Svirsky. The Old Believers, a schismatic group of Russians who did not accept the religious reforms of patriarch Nikon in 1666-67, were excommunicated from the Orthodox Church and fled to the outskirts of Russia. They also moved into the remote areas of Finland building three small monasteries there. However, the activity of these monasteries stopped during the following century.

Question: How many years passed between the Treaty of Nystad and the Treaty of Turku?


Input: With the borders secured with treaties and agreements at east and south, Mustafa Kemal was now in a commanding position. The Nationalists were then able to demand on 5 September 1922 that the Greeks evacuate East Thrace, Imbros and Tenedos as well as Asia Minor, and the Maritsa  River should again become the western border of Turkey, as before 1914. The British were prepared to defend the neutral zone of Constantinople and the Straits and the French asked Kemal to respect it, to which he agreed on 28 September. However, France, Italy, Yugoslavia, and the British Dominions objected to a new war. France, Italy and Britain called on Mustafa Kemal to enter into cease-fire negotiations. In return, on 29 September Kemal asked for the negotiations to be started at Mudanya. Negotiations at Mudanya began on 3 October and it was concluded with the Armistice of Mudanya. This was agreed on 11 October, two hours before the British intended to engage at Chanak, and signed the next day. The Greeks initially refused to agree but did so on 13 October. Factors persuading Turkey to sign may have included the arrival of British reinforcements. The armistice then made it possible for the allies to recognise the Turkish claim to East Thrace, which was agreed to at the Lausanne Conference on 20 November 1922.

Question: How many days after the Nationalists demand of the Greeks did Kemal agreed to respect that the British were prepared to defend the neutral zone of Constantinople and the Straits?


Input: The Livonian Master, like the grandmaster of the Teutonic Order, was elected by his fellow knights for a life term. The grandmaster exercised supervisory powers and his advice was considered equal to a command. The grandmaster of Teutonic knights did not limit local autonomy, he rarely visited Livonia or sent ambassadors for oversight.   ●  Hermann Balk 1237-1238  ●  Dietrich von Grüningen 1238-1242  ●  Dietrich von Grüningen 1244-1246   ●  Andreas von Stierland 1248-1253  ●  Anno von Sangershausen 1253-1256  ●  Burchard von Hornhausen 1256-1260  ●  Werner von Breithausen 1261-1263  ●  Konrad von Mandern 1263-1266  ●  Otto von Lutterberg 1266-1270  ●  Walther von Nortecken 1270-1273  ●  Ernst von Rassburg  1273-1279   ●  Konrad von Feuchtwangen 1279-1281  ●  Wilken von Endorp 1281-1287  ●  Konrad von Herzogenstein 1288-1290  ●  Halt von Hohembach -1293  ●  Heinrich von Dinkelaghe 1295-1296  ●  Bruno 1296-1298  ●  Gottfried von Rogga 1298-1307  ●  Gerhard van Joeck 1309-1322  ●  Johannes Ungenade 1322-1324  ●  Reimar Hane 1324-1328  ●  Everhard von Monheim 1328-130  ●  Burchard von Dreileben 1340-1345  ●  Goswin von Hercke 1345-1359  ●  Arnold von Vietinghof 1359-1364  ●  Wilhelm von Vrymersheim 1364-1385  ●  Robin von Eltz 1385-1389  ●  Wennemar Hasenkamp von Brüggeneye 1389-1401  ●  Konrad von Vietinghof 1401-1413  ●  Diderick Tork 1413-1415  ●  Siegfried Lander von Spanheim 1415-1424  ●  Zisse von Rutenberg 1424-1433  ●  Franco Kerskorff 1433-1435  ●  Heinrich von Bockenvorde 1435-1437  ●  Heinrich Vinke von Overbergen 1438-1450  ●  Johann Osthoff von Mengede 1450-1469  ●  Johann Wolthuss von Herse 1470-1471  ●  Bernd von der Borch 1471-1483  ●  Johann Freytag von Loringhoven 1483-1494  ●  Wolter von Plettenberg 1494-1535  ●  Hermann Hasenkamp von Brüggeneye 1535-1549  ●  Johann von der Recke 1549-1551  ●  Heinrich von Galen 1551-1557  ●  Johann Wilhelm von Fürstenberg 1557-1559  ●  Godert  Kettler 1559-1561

Question:
Who was grandmaster first, Balk or Stierland?